Arrays allow to define type of variables that can hold several data items of the same kind. Similarly structure is another user defined data type available in C that allows to combine data items of different kinds.
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Structures are used to represent a record. Suppose you want to keep track of your books in a library. Fpv freerider app. You might want to track the following attributes about each book −
C programming language assumes any non-zero and non-null values as true, and if it is either zero or null, then it is assumed as false value. Flow Diagram Example. Be confident that your games, applications, eLearning courses, demos, and prototypes are customer-ready for the web thanks to popular Adobe Shockwave Player software, available as a free download for Universal Mac and Windows platforms and already on the majority of computers worldwide.
Defining a Structure
To define a structure, you must use the struct statement. The struct statement defines a new data type, with more than one member. The format of the struct statement is as follows −
The structure tag is optional and each member definition is a normal variable definition, such as int i; or float f; or any other valid variable definition. At the end of the structure's definition, before the final semicolon, you can specify one or more structure variables but it is optional. Here is the way you would declare the Book structure −
Accessing Structure Members
To access any member of a structure, we use the member access operator (.). The member access operator is coded as a period between the structure variable name and the structure member that we wish to access. You would use the keyword struct to define variables of structure type. The following example shows how to use a structure in a program −
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Structures as Function Arguments
You can pass a structure as a function argument in the same way as you pass any other variable or pointer.
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Pointers to Structures
You can define pointers to structures in the same way as you define pointer to any other variable −
Now, you can store the address of a structure variable in the above defined pointer variable. To find the address of a structure variable, place the '&'; operator before the structure's name as follows −
To access the members of a structure using a pointer to that structure, you must use the → operator as follows −
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Let us re-write the above example using structure pointer.
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Bit Fields
Bit Fields allow the packing of data in a structure. This is especially useful when memory or data storage is at a premium. Typical examples include −
C allows us to do this in a structure definition by putting :bit length after the variable. For example −
Here, the packed_struct contains 6 members: Four 1 bit flags f1.f3, a 4-bit type and a 9-bit my_int.
C automatically packs the above bit fields as compactly as possible, provided that the maximum length of the field is less than or equal to the integer word length of the computer. If this is not the case, then some compilers may allow memory overlap for the fields while others would store the next field in the next word.
This document can help you resolve errors that occur while you install Shockwave Player on Mac OS X. Installation errors can manifest themselves in many different ways, including (but not limited to) the following:
Different factors can cause installation errors, including problems with operating system components, conflicting start-up items, and hardware conflicts.
To benefit most from this document, perform the tasks in order. Keep track of the tasks you perform and the results of each task, including errors or problematic behavior. Adobe Technical Support can use this information to better assist you, if you need to call.
The tasks in this section can help you resolve the most common system errors. Before performing any of these tasks, back up all personal files (for example, Shockwave Player files you created). Always restart the computer after a system error occurs to refresh its memory. Continuing to work without restarting the computer may compound the problem.
1. Make sure that the system meets the minimum requirements for Shockwave Player.
Shockwave Player may not run correctly on a system that doesn't meet the following requirements:
Note: To check how much RAM is installed, choose About This Mac from the Apple menu. The Memory value indicates the amount of installed RAM.
An incorrect installation can cause errors when you work in Shockwave Player. Reinstalling Shockwave Player can eliminate these errors.
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To reinstall Shockwave Player:
Note: If you previously installed an update to Shockwave Player, then reinstall the update after you reinstall Shockwave Player.
3. Install Shockwave Player with the Login Items disabled for the user account.
To disable nonessential extensions located in the user accounts Login Items folder: Press Shift while you restart the computer. Pressing Shift disables any applications that are in the Login Items folder.
4. Log in as a user with administrator access privileges.
If you lack administrator access privileges, then Shockwave Player may be unable to install necessary files. To determine if limited privileges cause the problem, log in as a user with access privileges, and try to re-create the problem. If the problem doesn't recur, then the account you were previously using lacks access privileges. Contact your system administrator to grant you access privileges.
To log in as a user with access privileges:
5. Install Shockwave Player from within a new user account.
Occasionally, a user account can become corrupted and prevent the installer from accessing or creating the necessary files and folders. Create a new account, log in to the new account, and then try to install Shockwave Player.
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To create a new user account:
Updates to the Mac OS X operating system can improve its performance and compatibility with applications. You can obtain Mac OS X updates from the Apple website at www.apple.com/downloads/macosx/, or choose Software Update from the Apple menu. For assistance installing updates, contact Apple technical support.
Important: Before you install a system update, check the system requirements for Shockwave Player (and any third-party software or hardware you may use with Shockwave Player) to ensure compatibility. If the update isn't listed,then contact Adobe or the manufacturer of your third-party software or hardware.
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If the tasks in the previous section don't solve the problem, then try the following intermediate troubleshooting tasks.
8. Repair disk permissions by running Disk Utility.
If you log in to an account with administrator privileges, but are still unable to install or run Shockwave Player, then your disk permissions may be damaged.
To repair your permissions using the Disk Utility:
Installation or application errors can occur if the hard disk is very fragmented. Optimizing the hard disk rearranges files to minimize future fragmenting. It also restores fragmented files into single contiguous blocks, making hard disk space more accessible to the installer.
Use a disk-optimizing utility, such as Symantec Norton Utilities, to optimize (defragment) each hard disk. For instructions on using a utility, refer to the documentation included with the utility.
A damaged hard disk can cause installation errors. Check hard disks using a disk utility, such as Apple Disk Utility, Symantec Norton Utilities, or Micromat Drive 10.
Disclaimer: Adobe doesn't support third-party disk utilities but provides the following instructions as a courtesy. For support, contact the developer of the disk utility.
To check for damage by using Apple Disk Utility (included on the system CD):
11. Remove fonts from the Fonts folder in the Library folder before installing Shockwave Player.
Use current anti-virus software, such as McAfee Virex or Symantec Norton AntiVirus, to check the system for viruses. Make sure that you have the latest virus definitions for the anti-virus software you use. Although virus infections are rare, they can cause unexpected system behavior, including installation errors. Running virus-detection software regularly (for example, daily) prevents viruses from damaging software on the system. For instructions on running or obtaining the latest updates to the virus-detection software, refer to its documentation.
If the tasks in the previous section don't resolve the problem, then you may be able to resolve the problem by reformatting your hard disk or by determining if hardware is conflicting with Shockwave Player.
Disclaimer: Adobe doesn't support hardware and provides these tasks as a courtesy only. For further assistance, contact the hardware manufacturer or an authorized reseller. If you troubleshoot hardware problems yourself, then you may void the computer's warranty.
Note: Before you remove or rearrange hardware, turn off and disconnect the power to the computer and any peripheral devices.
13. Install to a different hard disk that is designated as the startup disk.
Install the system software on a different hard disk (not a different partition on the same disk) and then specify that disk as the startup disk. Then, install Shockwave Player to the new hard disk.
To specify the startup disk:
14. Install Shockwave Player on a different hard drive or computer.
Install Shockwave Player to a different hard drive installed in the same computer or the same hard drive installed in a different computer. If the problem doesn't recur, then the hard drive or the motherboard you were using previously may be the cause. For assistance, contact the hardware manufacturer.
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Reinstall the operating system, or run a system restore.
Important: Running a system restore erases all contents on the hard disk, so be sure to back up any files that you want to save to an external drive, CD, or DVD.
For more information on running Software Restore, see its documentation or visit the Apple support page at www.info.apple.com, and search for 'System Restore.'
16. Reformat the hard disk using HFS+ formatting, and install only Mac OS and Shockwave Player.C-reactive Protein
Reformat the hard disk using HFS+ formatting, and then install only Mac OS and Shockwave Player from the original installation media. Reformatting a disk erases all files it contains, so be sure to back up all personal files first. Also make sure that you have all application and system disks.
Note: Don't install additional software or hardware until you're sure the problem is resolved. Don't back up the hard disk and restore Mac OS and Shockwave Player instead of reinstalling them; if the problem is caused by an application or Mac OS, and either one is restored instead of reinstalled, the problem may recur.
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After you reformat the hard disk and install only Mac OS and Shockwave Player, try to re-create the problem:
If none of the above steps has resolved the error or freeze that you are experiencing with Shockwave Player, then you need to contact Adobe Technical Support. You can find the support options at the Support Center.
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